Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Sediment-Contaminant Database

This is a number given to each distinct data set where the data were obtained. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the designation given to each distinct data set where the data were obtained. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the primary governmental, public, or private institution that provided the data. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

Name of Contact Person--This is the name of the primary contact person from the institution that provided the data. This variable also includes the address, phone number, fax number, and e-mail address of contact person. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

1 = Matthew B. Short
Division of Water Pollution, 4500 South Sixth Street Road
Springfield IL 62706
PHONE: 217-786-6892
FAX PHONE: 217-786-6357
EMAIL ADDRESS: epa1206@epa.state.il.us

2 = John R. Olson
Wallace State Office Building
Des Moines IA 50319-0034
PHONE: 515-281-8905
FAX PHONE: 515-281-8895
EMAIL ADDRESS: jolson@max.state.ia.us

3 = Patricia E. King
Division of Water Quality, 520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul MN 55155
PHONE: 612-296-8723
FAX PHONE: 612-297-8683
EMAIL ADDRESS: patricia.king@pca.state.mn.us

4 = John F. Sullivan
3550 Mormon Coulee Road, Box 108
La Crosse WI 54601
PHONE: 608-785-9995
FAX PHONE: 608-785-9990
EMAIL ADDRESS: sullij@dnr.state.wi.us

5 = Jody G. Millar
Rock Island Field Office, 4469 48th Avenue Court
Rock Island IL 61201
PHONE: 309-793-5800
FAX PHONE: 309-793-5804
EMAIL ADDRESS: jody_g_millar@mail.fws.gov

6 = George E. Groschen
Water Resources Division, 221 North Broadway
Urbana IL 61801
PHONE: 217-344-0037
FAX PHONE: 217-344-0082
EMAIL ADDRESS: gegrosch@usgs.gov

7 = John A. Moody
Water Resources Division, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, MS 413
Denver CO 80225-0046
PHONE: 303-236-0606
FAX PHONE:
EMAIL ADDRESS: jamoody@usgs.gov

8 = James G. Wiener
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse WI 54603
PHONE: 608-783-6451
FAX PHONE: 608-783-6066
EMAIL ADDRESS: james_wiener@usgs.gov

9 = Clint A. Beckert
Clock Tower Building, P.O. Box2004
Rock Island IL 61204-2004
PHONE: 309-794-5412
FAX PHONE: 309-794-5584
EMAIL ADDRESS: clinton.a.beckert@mvr02.usace.army.mil

10 = Bradley E. Frazier
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse WI 54603
PHONE: 509-893-8003
FAX PHONE:
EMAIL ADDRESS: brad_e_frazier@fws.gov

11 = Gary J. Atchison
Dept. of Animal Ecology, 124 Science Hall II
Ames IA 50011
PHONE: 515-294-4787
FAX PHONE: 515-294-7874
EMAIL ADDRESS: atchison@iastate.edu

12 = D. Kent Johnson
Water Quality Section, 230 East 5th Street, Mears Park Centre
St. Paul MN 55101
PHONE: 612-602-8117
FAX PHONE: 612-602-8179
EMAIL ADDRESS: kent.johnson@metc.state.mn.us

13 = Mark T. Steingraeber
La Crosse Fishery Resources Office, 555 Lester Avenue
Onalaska WI 54650
PHONE: 608-783-8436
FAX PHONE: 608-783-8450
EMAIL ADDRESS: mark_steingraeber@mail.fws.gov

14 = Ronald G. Rada
College of Science & Allied Health, 105 Main Hall
La Crosse WI 54601
PHONE: 608-785-8259
FAX PHONE: 608-785-8221
EMAIL ADDRESS: rada@uwlax.edu

15 = Kevin J. Buhl
31247 436th Avenue
Yankton SD 57078
PHONE: 605-665-9217
FAX PHONE: 605-665-9335
EMAIL ADDRESS: kevin_buhl@usgs.gov

16 = Michael Coffey
Rock Island Field Office, 4469 48^th Avenue Court
Rock Island IL 61201
PHONE: 608-785-9995
FAX PHONE: 309-793-5800 ext. 515
EMAIL ADDRESS: michael_coffey@fws.gov

17 = Chris Ingersoll
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia MO 65201
PHONE: 573-876-1819
FAX PHONE: 573-876-1896
EMAIL ADDRESS: chris_ingersoll@usgs.gov

18 = Misganaw Demissie
2204 Griffith Drive
Champaign IL 61820-7495
PHONE: 217-333-4753
FAX PHONE: 217-333-2304
EMAIL ADDRESS: demissis@sws.uiuc.edu

19 = Paul Terrio
221 North Broadway Avenue
Urbana IL 61801
PHONE: 217-344-0037 ext. 3002
FAX PHONE: 217-344-0082
EMAIL ADDRESS: pjterrio@usgs.gov

20 = Dennis Anderson
190 Fifth Street East
St. Paul MN 55101-1638
PHONE: 651-250-5272
FAX PHONE: 651-290-5800
EMAIL ADDRESS: dennis.d.anderson@mvp02.usace.army.mil

21 = Terry Bills
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse WI 54603
PHONE: 608-783-6451
FAX PHONE: 608-783-6066
EMAIL ADDRESS: terry_bills@usgs.gov

22 = Sharon E. Kroening
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View MN 55112
PHONE: 612-783-3100
FAX PHONE: 608-783-3257
EMAIL ADDRESS: kroening@usgs.gov

These are the primary references that contain some or all of the data for each specific data set. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

Copeland, T.A. 1995. 1992 Contaminant survey of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge, Pools 12 and 14. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report, Study ID No. 3103. Rock Island Field Office, Rock Island, IL.

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 1996. Investigation of the vertical distribution of sediment contaminants in Pool 2 and Lake Pepin of the Upper Mississippi River after the 1993 flood. St. Paul, MN. 56 pp. and appendices.

Ruelle, R. and J. Grettenberger. 1991. A preliminary contaminant and toxicological survey of Illinois River sediments. Special Project Report 90-1; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Rock Island Field Office, Rock Island, IL.

Caldwell, C. and M. Steingraeber. 1995. Bioavailability of trace metals to green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) exposed to suspended sediments from sites on the Upper Mississippi River. National Biological Service, Upper Mississippi Science Center Report, La Crosse WI, to USFWS, Rock Island Field Office, Rock Island, IL.

Mahaffy, M., R. Ruelle, and S. Smith. 1991. A preliminary contaminant survey of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report. Rock Island Field Office, Rock Island, IL.

Young, M. 1992. Survey for contaminants in sediments and fish at selected sites on the Illinois River and tributaries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Report. Rock Island Field Office, Rock Island, IL.

Ensor, K. and S. Smith. 1996. Potential toxicities of sediments a point source discharge sites along the Upper Mississippi National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report. Project ID 92 and 94-3N05.

Young, M. 1991. Survey for contaminants in sediments at selected sites on the Upper Mississippi River (RM 579 to RM 3) including the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Report, Rock Island Field Office, Rock Island, IL.

Frazier, B.E., T.J. Naimo, and M.B. Sandheinrich. 1996. Temporal and vertical distribution of total ammonia nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia nitrogen in sediment pore water from the upper Mississippi River. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15:92-99.

Frazier, B.E. 1994. Temporal and vertical distribution of un-ionized ammonia and total ammonia nitrogen in sediment pore water in Pool 8, upper Mississippi River. Master of Science thesis, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI.

Lebo, J.A., J.L. Zajicek, D. Tillitt, and T.R. Schwartz. 1990. Analyses of sediment cores form the Upper Mississippi River for polychlorinated biphenyls. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Final Laboratory Report FY90-30-5. National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Columbia, MO.

Bailey, P.A. 1983. Distribution and enrichment of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in bottom sediments of Navigation Pools 4 (Lake Pepin), 5, and 9 of the Upper Mississippi River. Master of Science thesis, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI.

Bailey, P.A. and R.G. Rada. 1984. Distribution and enrichment of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in bottom sediments of Navigation Pools 4 (Lake Pepin), 5, and 9 of the Upper Mississippi River. In J.G Wiener, R.V. Anderson, and D.R. McConville, eds. Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River. Butterworth Publishers, Boston, MA, pp. 119-138.

Rada, R.G., J.G. Wiener, P.A. Bailey, and D.E. Powell. 1990. Recent influxes of metals into Lake Pepin, a natural lake on the Upper Mississippi River. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19:712-716.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. Quality assurance and field methods manual: 1987 revision. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Laboratory methods manual. Division of Labs, Springfield, Illinois.

Kelly, M.H. and R.L. Hite. 1984. Evaluation of Illinois stream sediment data: 1974-1980. IEPA/WPC/84-004. Illinois Environmental Protection Agency/Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. An intensive survey of the Fox River Basin from the Wisconsin State line to Ottawa, Illinois, 1982. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois. 107 pp.

EPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1988. An intensive survey of the Des Plaines River Basin from the Wisconsin State line to Joliet, Illinois, 1983-1984. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois. 95 pp.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1988. An intensive survey of the DuPage River Basin, 1983. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois. 61 pp.

Short, M.B. 1997. Evaluation of Illinois sieved stream sediment data, 1982-1995. IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency), Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois. 35 pp.

Ruhl, P.M. 1994. Surface-Water-Quality assessment of the Upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: Analysis of relations between fish-community structure and environmental conditions in the Fox, Des Plaines, and DuPage River Basins in Illinois, 1982-84. U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4094.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. Quality assurance and field methods manual: 1987 revision. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Laboratory methods manual. Division of Labs, Springfield, Illinois.

Boyer, H.A. 1984. Trace elements in the water, sediments, and fish of the Upper Mississippi River, Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. In J.G. Wiener, R.V. Anderson, and D.R. McConville (eds.), Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River, Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham, MA. pp. 195-230.

Metropolitan Waste Control Commission (MWCC), Data Report: 1981-83 Priority Pollutant Monitoring of the Receiving Waters in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area; MWCC Report QC-81/83-88; St. Paul, MN; July 1986; 321 pp.

MWCC. October 1982. 1981 River Quality Report, Summary Volume; MWCC Report QC 81-48. St. Paul, MN. 62 pp.

MWCC. October 1982. 1981 River Quality Report, Appendix Volume II; MWCC Report QC 81-48. St. Paul, MN. 225 pp.

MWCC. October 1983. 1982 River Quality Report, Summary Volume; MWCC Report QC 82-65. St. Paul, MN. 62 pp.

MWCC. October 1983. 1982 River Quality Report, Appendix Volume; MWCC Report QC 82-63. St. Paul MN. 463 pp.

MWCC. September 1984. 1983 River Quality Report, Summary Volume; MWCC Report QC 83-76. St. Paul, MN. 57 pp.

MWCC. September 1984. 1983 River Quality Report, Appendix Volume; MWCC Report QC 83-76. St. Paul, MN. 399 pp.

MWCC. November 1985. 1984 River Quality Report, Summary Volume; MWCC Report QC 84-98. St. Paul, MN. 64 pp.

MWCC. February 1986. 1984 River Quality Report, Appendix Volume; MWCC Report QC 84-98. St. Paul, MN. 441 pp.

MWCC. November 1986. 1985 River Quality Report, Summary Volume; MWCC Report QC 85-113. St. Paul, MN. 55 pp.

MWCC. February 1987. 1985 River Quality Report, Appendix Volume; MWCC Report QC 85-113. St. Paul, MN. 483 pp.

MWCC. September 1998. 1987 River Quality Summary Report; MWCC Report QC 87-147. St. Paul, MN. 18 pp.

MWCC. February 1989. 1987 River Quality Data Report; MWCC Report QC 87-154. St. Paul, MN. 441 pp.

MWCC. July 1990. Supplement to 1987 River Quality Data Report; MWCC Report QC 87-154. St. Paul, MN. 64 pp.

MWCC. May 1990. 1988 River Quality Summary Report; MWCC Report QC 88-175. St. Paul, MN. 15 pp.

MWCC. March 1990. 1988 River Quality Data Report; MWCC Report QC 88-169. St. Paul, MN. 453 pp.

MWCC. July 1990. Supplement to 1988 River Quality Data Report; MWCC Report QC 88-169. St. Paul, MN. 50 pp.

Hunt, T.D., C.M. Crane, and B.G. Isom. 1996. Sediment and water sampling results, Phase III: ALCOA-Davenport Facility. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Franklin, Tennessee.

ISWS (Illinois State Water Survey). 1996. Impacts of the 1993 flood on the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. Contract Report 594. Hydrology Division, Champaign, Illinois. (Prepared for the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency).

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. Quality assurance and field methods manual: 1987 revision. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Laboratory methods manual. Division of Labs, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Evaluation of Illinois sieved stream sediment data 1982-1995. IEPA/BOW/97-016. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

Beauvais, S.L., J.G. Wiener, and G.J. Atchison. 1995. Cadmium and mercury in sediment and burrowing mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia) in the Upper Mississippi River, USA. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 28:178-183.

Cope, W.G., J.G. Wiener, and M.T. Steingraeber. 1996. Test system for exposing fish to resuspended, contaminated sediment. Environmental Pollution 91(2):177-182.

Cope, W.G., J.G. Wiener, M.T. Steingraeber, and G.J. Atchison. 1994. Cadmium, metal-binding proteins, and growth in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to contaminated sediments from the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51(6):1356-1367.

Cope, W.G. 1991. Metallothionein and bioaccumulation of cadmium in juvenile bluegills exposed to aqueous and sediment-associated cadmium. Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.

May, T.W. 1988. Determination of cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc in sediment samples from the Upper Mississippi River. Final Laboratory Report FY88-32-28. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Coumbia, MO.

Lebo, J.A. 1989. Analyses of sediments for priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Final Laboratory Report FY89-30-12. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Columbia, MO. 24 pp.

Lebo, J.A. 1990. Analyses of sediments for polychlorinated biphenyls and other targeted organochlorine compounds. Final Laboratory Report FY90-30-2. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Columbia, MO. 32 pp.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1983. Pre-dredging water, sediment, and elutriate analyses of selected parameters from seven sites on the Illinois River. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1984. Pre-dredging water, sediment, and elutriate analyses of selected parameters from four Illinois River sites. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1985. 1985 results of water, sediment and elutriate analyses from five potential Corps dredge sites on the Illinois River. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1985. Pre-dredging water, sediment and elutriate analysis results during 1985 of selected parameters from 11 Illinois River sites identified in PCB 83-25. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1985. Pre-dredging water, sediment and elutriate analysis results during 1985 from six Illinois waterway sites between river miles 230.2 and 291.0. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1986. Pre-dredging water, sediment and elutriate analysis results from samples collected during 1986 at 11 Illinois River sites identified in PCB 83-25. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1986. Results of pre-dredging and during dredging analyses of water and sediment samples collected from the Illinois River near mile 147.6 on November 21-23, 1986. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1986. Pre-dredging water, sediment and elutriate analysis results from samples collected during 1986 at six Illinois waterway sites between river miles 230.2 and 291.0. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

Sullivan, J.F. 1995. Contaminants in Mississippi River suspended sediment. Unpublished Report. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, La Crosse, WI. 65 pp.

Coffey, M. 1995. 1992 sediment quality report for Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Illinois, Iowa and Missouri. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Report, Project Number 3N03. Rock Island Field Office, Rock Island, IL.

Wiener, J.G., G.A. Jackson, T.W. May, and B.P. Cole. 1984. Longitudinal distribution of trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se) in fishes and sediment in the Upper Mississippi River. In J.G. Wiener, R.V. Anderson, and D.R. McConville (eds.), Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River, Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham, MA. pp. 139-170.

Jackson, G.A., J.G. Wiener, T.W. May, and M.A. Ribick. 1981. Longitudinal distribution of selected trace elements and organochlorine residues in fish and sediments in the Upper Mississippi River. Draft final report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Report, Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO. 84 pp.

Moody, J.A. (ed.). 1997. Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments and water in the navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River, July 1991-April 1992. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-708. 276 pp.

Sullivan, J.F. and J. Moody. 1996. Contaminants in Mississippi River bed sediments collected before and after the 1993 summer flood in Navigation Pools 1 to 11. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, La Crosse, WI and U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO. 50 pp.

Barber, L.B. and J.H. Writer. 1998. Impact of the 1993 flood on the distribution of organic contaminants in bed sediment of the Upper Mississippi River. Environmental Science and Technology 32:2077-2083.

Moody, J.A. (ed.). 1997. Hydrologic, sedimentologic, and chemical data describing surficial bed sediments in the navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River, after the flood of 1993. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-580. 237 pp.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. Quality assurance and field methods manual: 1987 revision. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Laboratory methods manual. Division of Labs, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Evaluation of Illinois sieved stream sediment data 1982-1995. IEPA/BOW/97-016. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1987. Quality assurance and field methods manual: 1987 revision. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Laboratory methods manual. Division of Labs, Springfield, Illinois.

IEPA (Illinois Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Evaluation of Illinois sieved stream sediment data 1982-1995. IEPA/BOW/97-016. Division of Water Pollution Control, Springfield, Illinois.

Buhl, K.J., and D.R. McConville. 1984. Heavy metal accumulation in selected sessile components of Fountain City Bay, Pool 5A, of the upper Mississippi River. In J.G. Wiener, R.V. Anderson, and, D.R. McConville (eds.), Contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River, Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham, MA. pp. 171-194.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1988. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report (R-4) with integrated environmental assessment, Andalusia Refuge rehabilitation and enhancement, technical appendices. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1989. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report with integrated environmental assessment (R-3), Bertom and McCartney Lakes rehabilitation and enhancement, technical appendices. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1989. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report with integrated environmental assessment (R-3), Bertom and McCartney Lakes rehabilitation and enhancement. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1989. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report with integrated environmental assessment (R-5), Big Timber Refuge rehabilitation and enhancement, technical appendices. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1990. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report (R-6PR) with integrated environmental assessment, Peoria Lake enhancement. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1990. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report (R-6F) with integrated environmental assessment, Peoria Lake enhancement, technical appendices. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1991. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report (R-7PR) with integrated environmental assessment, Lake Chautauqua rehabilitation and enhancement. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1991. Upper Mississippi River system environmental management program definite project report (R-7F) with integrated environmental assessment, Lake Chautauqua rehabilitation and enhancement, technical appendices. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

Fitzpatrick, F.A., B.C. Scudder, J.K. Crawford, A.R. Schmidt, J.B. Sieverling, and others. 1995. Water-quality assessment of the Upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: major and trace elements in water, sediment, and biota, 1978-90. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4045. 253 pp.

Colman, J.A. and R.F. Sanzolone. 1990. Surface-water-quality assessment of the Upper Illinois River Basin in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin: geochemical data for fine-fraction streambed sediment from high- and low-order streams, 1987. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-571. 108 pp.

Colman, J.A. and R.F. Sanzolone. 1992. Geochemical characterization of streambed sediment in the Upper Illinois River Basin. Water Resources Bulletin 28:933-950

Dwyer, F.J., E.L. Brunson, T.J. Canfield, C.G. Ingersoll, N.E. Kemble. 1997. An assessment of sediments from the Upper Mississippi River. U.S. Geological Survey Report and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Project No. DW14935486-01-0.

Chapter 1: Evaluation of contamination in sediments collected form navigational pools of the Upper Mississippi River using a 28-day Hyalella azteca test. 65 pp.

Chapter 2: An evaluation of bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediments from the Upper Mississippi River using field-collected oliogochaetes and laboratory-exposed Lumbriculus variegatus. 33 pp.

Complete report available on world wide web at http://www.msc.nbs.gov/pubs/umr.html

Chapter 3: Assessing sediment toxicity from Upper Mississippi River navigational pools using a benthic invertebrate community evaluation and the sediment quality triad approach. 27 pp.

Rada, R.G., J.E. Findley, J.G. Wiener, and S.K. Littlejohn. 1984. Distribution of potentially toxic metals in bed sediments, crayfish, and fish of the Upper Wisconsin River. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Final Report, Rhinelander, WI.

Rada, R.G., J.E. Findley, J.G. Wiener. 1986. Environmental fate of mercury discharged into the Upper Wisconsin River. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 29:57-76.

Callister, S.M.and M.R. Winfrey. 1986. Microbial methylation of mercury in Upper Wisconsin River sediments. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 29(4):453-465.

Wicker, T.L., J.K. LaTour, and J.C. Maurer. 1996. Water Resources Data- Ilinois, Water Year 1996. Volume 2, Illinois River Basin. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report IL-96-2. 398 pp.

Wicker, T.L., J.K. LaTour, and J.C. Maurer. 1997. Water Resources Data-Illinois, Water Year 1997. Volume 2, Illinois River Basin. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report IL-97-2. 360 pp.

Shelton, L.R. and P.D. Capel. 1994. Guidelines for collecting and processing samples of stream bed sediment for analysis of trace elements and organic contaminants for the National Water Quality Assessment Program. U.S. Geological Society Open-File Report 94-458. 20 pp.

Sanzolone, R.F. 1999. Summary of data for quality assessment materials analyzed from January 1994 through November 1998 using the NAWQA program bed-sediment analytical protocol. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-588. 11 pp.

Fishman, M.J. (ed). 1993. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and fluvial sediments. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125. 217 pp.

Foreman, W.T., B.F. Connor, E.T. Furlong, D.G. Vaught, and L.M. Merten. 1995. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in bottom sediment by dual capillary-column gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-140. 78 pp.

Furlong, E.T., D.G. Vaught, L.M. Merten, W.T. Foreman, P.M. Gates. 1995. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of semivolatile organic compounds in bottom sediment by solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatographic fractionation, and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectometry. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-719. 67 pp.

Sullivan, J.F. 1988. A review of the PCB contaminant problem of the Upper Mississippi River System. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Mississippi River Work Unit, La Crosse, WI.

Marking, L.L., Dawson, V.K., Allen, J.L., Bills, T.D., and Rach, J.J. 1980. Biological activity and chemical characteristics of dredge material from ten sites on the Upper Mississippi River. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fishery Research Laboratory Summary Report, La Crosse, WI.

Demissie, M. 1996. Impact of the 1993 flood on sedimentation and sediment quality in backwater lakes of Illinois. Illinois State Water Survey Contract Report 593. 205pp.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1988. Marseilles Canal water and sediment analysis results. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

USACOE (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). 1995. Grain size and chemical analysis results from sediment samples collected below Dresden Island Lock. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Report, Rock Island, IL.

Kroening, S.E., J.D. Fallon, and K.E. Lee. 2000. Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin-trace elements in streambed sediment and fish livers, 1995-96. U.S. Geological Survey, National Water-Quality Assessment Program, Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4031. 26 pp.

This is a brief statement describing the sampling purpose or main objective of the study that produced the data set. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

1 = In 1992, the Rock Island District Office of the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) collected sediment samples from Pools 12 and 14 on the Upper Mississippi River. Sampling was conducted to further investigate areas of concern that were discovered in a 1985 contaminant assessment of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. A total of 50 sediment grab samples were analyzed for organic carbon, water and lipid content, particle size, acid volatile sulfide (AVS), metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls. In addition to the sediment sampling, mussel and avian tissues were also collected and analyzed for contaminants during the course of the study. Sample coordinates (Universal Transverse Mercator) were provided by the FWS, and river mile was determined from detailed maps provided in the report or from navigation charts. Please note: The AVS values were included in the database for reference only, and may be inaccurate. As stated in the FWS report, these samples were held for an extended period of time and were not simultaneously extracted with metals.

2 = The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) collected samples, in 1994, to investigate the effects of the 1993 flood upon vertical distribution of sediment contaminants in the Upper Mississippi, Minnesota, and St. Croix Rivers. Sediment cores were collected and analyzed for volatile matter, organic carbon, acid volatile solids, simultaneously extracted metals, metals, organochlorines, fungicides, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. All sediment cores were dated by Cesium-137 decay.

3 = The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected sediment samples in December 1987 for a preliminary evaluation of sediment toxicity on the Illinois River. Sediment cores were collected at six sites along the Illinois, Chicago, and Des Plaines Rivers and analyzed for water content, metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorines, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Bioassays were conducted using fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia magna. As a result of the bioassays, one sample collected from the Chicago River was determined to be the most toxic and a complete priority pollutant analysis was performed. Coordinate information was not provided with this study, however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed descriptions of sampling sites included in the report. Note: water content was calculated for the database using original laboratory data sheets and is not included in the original report.

4 = In 1992, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected sediment samples from the Upper Mississippi River to assess the bioavailability of a suite of sediment-associated metals to green sunfish following chronic exposure to intermittent pulses of suspended sediments. All collection sites, with the exception of one control area, were reported to have elevated concentrations of metals in previous studies. The sediment grab samples were analyzed for particle size, total solids, density, volatile matter, total organic carbon, and metals. Sample coordinate information was provided in the report. Note: the moisture content was calculated using total solid values and is not included in the original report. Total solids are not included in the database and were therefore used only to calculate moisture content.

5 = The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) collected sediment samples from the Upper Mississippi River in 1985 for a preliminary contaminant survey. The specific objectives were to examine selected areas on the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge and surrounding areas for contaminant presence in sediments and fish, and to establish baseline sediment quality criteria for refuge waters. A total of 76 sediment grab samples were analyzed for metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorines, petroleum-related compounds, and PCBs. Particle size of the sediment samples was not determined; however, samples were collected from areas assumed to contain high percentages of fines (e.g. off-channel, backwater). Coordinate information was provided by the FWS for some of the sampling locations, and was determined for others using site descriptions and ArcView software. Note: Only the selenium data that was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy was included in the database.

6 = The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a basin-wide survey of contaminants in sediments and biota (common carp) from the Illinois River and selected tributaries, during 1989. The study was designed to identify potential contaminants originating from several critical point sources along the Illinois River, focusing on sewage and industrial outfalls in metropolitan areas. A total of 36 sediment grab samples were analyzed for water content, metals, organochlorines, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Microtox and 96-h larval fathead minnow bioassays were conducted on sediment samples. Sample and site description information was not provided with this study, and therefore, no sample coordinates were entered into the database.

7 = In 1992, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted an investigation to determine the potential toxicity and contaminant concentrations of surficial sediments from near-shore zones of twenty regulated discharge points and at major stormwater outfalls between Pools 4 through 10 of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. A total of 31 sediment grab samples were analyzed for organic carbon, water content, particle size, metals, organochlorines, fungicides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Microtox bioassays were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of the "biologically-active" chemicals in the sediment pore water, and the results from the bioassays were used to rank the relative toxicity of sediments at all discharge sites. Cautionary note: As stated in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service report, the sediment samples collected for chemical analysis were collected in July 1992 and stored frozen until May and June of 1993. The sediment samples collected for Microtox testing where held at ~ 4°C prior to pore water extraction and subsequent testing. Because certain metals and metalloids (e.g., arsenic, selenium, mercury, lead, and tin) are more likely to be affected by changes in the sediment redox potential and microbial metabolism, which can occur during long periods of storage or the freezing process, subtle differences in the correlation between sediment metal concentrations (on stored samples) and the reported Microtox toxicity values may have occurred.

8 = In 1989, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected sediment samples near selected industrial sites, within and adjacent to the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), the Clarence Cannon (NWR), and at other areas important to migratory waterfowl on the Upper Mississippi River. Sediment grab samples were collected at a total of 67 sampling locations and were analyzed for water content, metals, organochlorines, fungicides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Bioassays (96-h) were conducted with fathead minnows. Sample coordinate information was not provided with this study, however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed descriptions of sampling sites. Note: The authors acknowledged some limitations to their data regarding sample handling and storage. Most of the composite sediment samples were held frozen for approximately 6 months prior to anlaysis, which may alter the form of some of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds.

9 = In 1993, a study was designed through the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, to assess temporal changes in un-ionized (NH3-N) concentrations in pore water to determine if NH3-N in sediments approach concentrations shown to have adverse effects on fingernail clams in experimental studies. Sediment core samples were obtained in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River in areas currently and historically inhabited by fingernail clams. Specific objectives were (1) to examine the temporal and vertical distribution of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NH3-N in pore water; (2) to compare the temporal patterns of TAN and NH3-N concentrations in overlying surface water with those in pore water; and (3) to examine the influence of sediment characteristics on TAN concentrations. In addition, sediment samples were analyzed for volatile matter, particle size, density, and water content.

10 = This multi-agency study was designed to investigate the vertical distribution of sediment contaminants in Pool 2 and 4 ( Lake Pepin) of the Upper Mississippi River after the 1993 flood. More specifically, to examine the stratigraphy of contaminants and chronology of pollution downstream of the Twin Cities metropolitan area through detailed analysis of sediment cores. The sediment samples were analyzed for carbon content (organic, carbonate, and total) and metals.

11 = This study was designed through the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse to determine whether trace metals were settling out and accumulating in Lake Pepin bottom sediments. Bed sediment samples (grab and core) were collected at several locations in the Upper Mississippi River (Pools 4, 5, and 9) and analyzed for volatile matter content and metals. Sample coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed map descriptions.

12 = The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (ILEPA) obtained Illinois River sediment samples near the vicinity of the 3M discharge near Cordova, Illinois as part of a facility monitoring effort. The sediment analysis was conducted as a screening device to detect and identify contaminants periodically released from a point source discharge that are not readily detected by routine water quality sampling procedures. A total of three sediment grab samples were analyzed for volatile matter content, total nitrogen, metals, organochlorines, fungicides, and polychlorinated biphenyls.

13 = The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (ILEPA) completed bed-sediment sampling of the Fox, Des Plaines, and Du Page River Basins in 1982-1984. Sediment grab samples were analyzed for volatile matter, total nitrogen, metals, organochlorines, and polychlorinated biphenyls. In addition to sediment sampling, water quality, habitat, macroinvertebrate, and fish data were also collected. The particle size data that was entered in the database was calculated from the habitat sampling data. Because the particle size classifications in this report differed from those entered in the database, the particle size values may not total 100%.

14 = Prior to 1980, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (ILEPA) obtained and analyzed sediment samples for contaminants as part of a background monitoring effort on the Illinois (Marseilles, Peoria, and Starved Rock Pools), Des Plaines, and Mississippi (Pools 12, 14, 18, and 26) rivers. Background sampling locations were defined as sites unimpacted by point or non-point source discharges, with the exception of agricultural inputs. In this data set, a total of 27 sediment grab samples were analyzed for volatile matter content, total nitrogen, metals, organochlorines, fungicides, and polychlorinated biphenyls. In addition, fish tissues samples were generally collected and analyzed for contaminants as part of the background monitoring effort.

15 = This study was conducted by the Metropolitan Council of Environmental Services (MCES; formerly Metropolitan Waste Control Commission). The sediment contaminant data are part of a larger monitoring effort by the MCES to obtain information on priority pollutants in surface waters of the Twin Cities (MN) area. Sediment samples were collected from the Minnesota, St. Croix, Vermillion, and Upper Mississippi (headwaters, and Pools 1-3) rivers. A total of 342 grab samples were analyzed for organic content, particle size, metals, organochlorines, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miscellaneous industrial compounds, and polychlorinated biphenyls. In addition, fish tissue and water samples were analyzed for trace elements.

16 = This study was conducted by the Woodward-Clyde consulting firm for the Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) facility near Davenport, Iowa. Samples were collected for Phase III of an Administrative Order of Consent (AOC) with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) covering sediment/soil investigation in onsite draingeways and wetlands, and within critical areas of Upper Mississippi River Pool 15. The Phase III sampling was conducted specifically to quantify the vertical and horizontal extent of contamination within the Pool 15 study areas. Sediment core and grab samples were collected and analyzed for organic carbon, particle size, metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and miscellaneous industrial compounds. Sample coordinate information was not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps.

17 = In 1993-1994, the Illinois State Water Survey and Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (ILEPA) conducted sediment and water sampling in order to determine changes in water quality of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois River as a result of the 1993 flood. Sediment grab samples were collected from the Illinois River (Alton Pool) and the Upper Mississippi River (Pools 14, 20, 26, and open river). Sieved samples were analyzed for volatile matter, total nitrogen, metals, fungicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorines.

18 = This study was designed through Iowa State University to examine the relation between cadmium and mercury concentrations in burrowing mayfly nymphs and surrounding sediments in a 572-km reach of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Sediment grab samples were collected from Pools 2-7, 9, 12, and 16 on the UMR, and analyzed for volatile matter, particle size, cadmium, and mercury. Field-collected mayfly nymphs were also analyzed for cadmium and mercury.

19 = This study was designed through Iowa State University to assess the responses of bluegills to cadmium-contaminated, surficial sediments from five sites on the Upper Mississippi, Illinois, and Des Plaines rivers. The chief objectives were (1) to assess the bioaccumulation of cadmium in fish exposed to suspended river sediments and (2) to evaluate whole-body cadmium, hepatic metal-binding proteins, and hepatic nonthionein cytosolic cadmium in bluegills as indicators of exposure to sediment-associated cadmium. Sediment grab samples were collected in June 1990 for use in bioassays and were analyzed for volatile matter, particle size, water content, and metals.

20 = Sediment samples were collected in 1987 from four sites on the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) for use in bioassays comparing toxicity of sediments from around the nation. Each sample represents a composite of ten individual grabs. Coordinates were provided on field data sheets for each grab, the coordinate for the first grab was entered into the database for the whole sample. All UMR samples were analyzed for metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls. One sample in the data set represents a laboratory duplicate analyzed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons only.

21 = The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) routinely collects samples before dredging, and analyzes the samples for contaminants to assess possible problems associated with the dredging process and the placement of dredged material. Samples included in this data set were collected by the Rock Island District of the ACOE from a large reach of the Illinois River (river miles 116.1-285.8), the Des Plaines River, and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal over a span of several years (1983-1986). Sediment core samples were analyzed for volatile matter, particle size, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, and petroleum-related compounds. Coordinate information was not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps and site descriptions.

22 = The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) deployed glass sediment traps in the Upper Mississippi (Pools 1-4), Minnesota, and St. Croix Rivers to collect composite samples of suspended sediment between 1987 and 1994. The objectives of this study were to assess the contaminant concentrations of suspended sediment, evaluate factors influencing contaminant concentrations, and assess temporal trends and compare contaminant concentrations in suspended sediments to recent contaminant investigations on the river. Samples were analyzed for volatile matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Note: Total nitrogen and some ammonia-nitrogen data should be treated as estimates only. As stated in the WDNR report, the holding time for ammonia-nitrogen was exceeded and there were problems with spike recoveries on several total nitrogen samples.

23 = In 1992, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) collected sediment samples from backwater areas in the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge along the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). In addition to assessing benthic fauna, sediment sampling was conducted under the Sediment Quality Triad approach, which determines analytical chemistry and toxicity of sediments in Microtox assay. Sediment grab samples were collected in Pools 17-19, 21, and 23 of the UMR, and were analyzed for organic carbon, acid-volatile sulfide, particle size, water content, and metals.

24 = In 1981, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service collected sediment samples to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of six potentially toxic elements in fishes and bed sediments in a 500-km stretch of the Upper Mississippi River (headwaters and Pools 1-10). Forty sediment grab samples were analyzed for volatile matter, particle size, metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Sample coordinate information was not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps provided in the report.

25 = The U.S. Geological Survey collected sediment samples, in 1991-1992, from 25 of the 29 navigation pools on the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Composite sediment grab and core samples were collected from the lower one-third of each pool. Samples were analyzed for total, organic, and carbonate carbon, total nitrogen, particle size, metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, herbicides, fungicides, and sterols. Because each sample represents a large spatial area, the coordinates (UTM) for the first sample, collected along the first transect, were entered into the database to provide positional information.

26 = The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected sediment samples after the flood of 1993 from 24 of the 29 navigation pools on the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). Composite sediment grab and core samples were collected from the lower one-third of each pool. These were the same locations sampled in 1991-1992 by the USGS (Data Set 25). Samples were analyzed for total, organic, and carbonate carbon, total nitrogen, particle size, metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, herbicides, fungicides, and sterols. Because each sample represents a large spatial area, the coordinates (UTM) for the first sample, collected along the first transect, were entered into the database to provide positional information. Note: Supplementary contaminant and toxicity data pertaining to this data set can be found in Data Set 33. Sediment samples were split with another division of the USGS, and analyzed for additional contaminants that are not already reported in this study.

27 = In 1989, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (ILEPA) conducted a "Special Survey" of the Illinois River. Sediment grab samples were collected from five pools (La Grange, Peoria, Marseilles, and Starved Rock Pools) on the Illinois River and from the Des Plaines River. The sieved samples were analyzed for volatile matter, total nitrogen, metals, fungicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorines.

28 = During 1980 to 1990, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency conducted a CORE sampling program at selected sites along the Illinois River (Starved Rock, Peoria, and Alton Pools) and Upper Mississippi River (Pools 14, 20, and 26). The CORE program was a 37-station subset of the Agency's ambient stations where sediment and macroinvertebrate samples were collected on a 3-year rotational basis. Composite grab samples were analyzed for volatile matter, total nitrogen, metals, fungicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorines.

29 = This study was designed through the Biology Department of St. Mary's College. The study objectives were (1) to obtain baseline information on total Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn concentrations in four species of aquatic macrophytes and associated bed sediments from a large backwater area of the Upper Mississippi River (Pool 5A), (2) to characterize the sediment metal levels, and (3) to elucidate the potential impact of aquatic angiosperms in mobilizing sediment-bound metals. Sediment grab samples were analyzed for volatile matter content, particle size, and metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn). Sample coordinates were not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps and descriptions of sampling sites.

30 = The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Rock Island District) collected sediment samples from the Upper Mississippi River (Pools 11, 16, and 17) for the Environmental Management Program (EMP) in 1988-1991. Core or grab samples were taken at locations representative of areas impacted by the EMP projects and analyzed for volatile matter, organic carbon, particle size, total nitrogen, metals, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, and petroleum-related compounds. Sample coordinate information was not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps.

31 = The U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division collected bed-sediment samples from the Illinois River Basin for the National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) in 1980. This report describes concentrations of major and trace elements in three components (water, sediment, and biota) of the aquatic environment in streams of the upper Illinois River Basin, so that the effects and fates of trace elements throughout the food chain can be more completely understood. Composite grab samples were collected from the Illinois, Kankakee, Des Plaines, Fox, Little Calumet, and North Branch Chicago rivers, and were analyzed for metals.

32 = Geochemistry of fine-fraction streambed sediments collected from the upper Illinois River basin was surveyed in the fall of 1987 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment pilot projects. The survey included 567 samples; however, this data set contains only the higher-order streambed samples, totaling 225 samples. Composite grab samples were collected from the Illinois, Kankakee, Des Plaines, Fox, Calumet (Little and Grand), Du Page, and North Branch Chicago rivers, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, as well as, several higher-order creeks. The sediment samples were analyzed for carbon (total, organic, and carbonate) and 46 inorganic contaminants.

33 = In 1994, after the 1993 flood, bed-sediment samples were collected from Pools 1 - 26 on the Upper Mississippi River and the St. Croix River, and were analyzed for simultaneously extracted metals, acid-volatile sulfide, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorines, and fungicides. This data set contains two types of sediment grab samples ("B" and "C" samples). The "B" samples were a composite of 15-20 grabs collected along 1 to 5 transects at the lower end of each pool. Because the "B" samples represent a large spatial area, the coordinates (UTM) for the first sample, collected along the first transect, were entered in the database to provide positional information. We did not enter all of the "B" sample contaminant data in this data set (No. 33) because the majority of the contaminant data was already reported in Data Set No. 26. The "B" samples were split at the time of collection, and were analyzed by two different laboratories. To avoid sample overlap, we only entered contaminant data not reported in Data Set No. 26. The "C" samples were collected at the same time as the "B" samples, but from one station, on one of the transects, and therefore, the river mile and sample coordinates are more accurate than the "B" samples. All of the "C" sample contaminant data was entered in the database. In addition, whole-sediment toxicity tests with amphipods were conducted on the "C" samples and are reported in the database. Note: This report contains additional contaminant data that is not listed in the database, and therefore, was not entered.

34 = In 1981, samples from bed sediments, fish, and crayfish were collected from reservoirs in the Upper Wisconsin River. Several pulp and paper mills discharge waste into the Wisconsin River, which has a history of elevated mercury levels, in addition to other metals. Three to six sediment cores (194 total samples) were collected from five different study areas on the river. The sediment cores were dated by Cesium -137 decay. All samples were analyzed for particle size, organic carbon (%), and metals. This study did not contain sample coordinate information; however, detailed sampling maps were provided, and coordinate information was approximated in ArcView.

35 = The U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division collected bed-sediment samples from the Illinois River Basin for the National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) in 1996 and 1997. A composite core or grab sample was collected and analyzed for particle size, carbon (organic, carbonate, total), metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorines, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, industrial and miscellaneous compounds, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Sediment subsamples were analyzed for both inorganic and organic contaminants and were sieved separately; therefore, each inorganic and organic sample was considered a discrete sample within the database. However, the same site information and particle size data were entered for both the inorganic sample and its organic counterpart. Lower quantitation limits for all contaminants were provided in several reports from the National Water Quality Laboratory. Note that this data set contained several additional contaminants that were not included in the database.

36 = This study represents several years of sediment sample collection by the St. Paul District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) on the Upper Mississippi (Pools 1-10), Minnesota, and St. Croix Rivers. A total of 602 sediment core and grab samples were collected for various monitoring efforts throughout 1974-1998. Samples were analyzed for volatile matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, particle size, water content, metals, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, and petroleum-related compounds. Note: Some concern has been expressed by the ACOE that earlier (1974-1984) polychlorinated biphenyl values reported in this data set are somewhat low.

37 = The St. Paul District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) collected sediment samples in 1999 and 2000 for continued monitoring efforts. A total of 25 sediment core and grab samples were collected from the Upper Mississippi (pools 4, 5A, 8, and 9) and Minnesota Rivers. Samples were analyzed for volatile matter, organic carbon, particle size, total nitrogen, water content, metals, organochlorines, fungicides, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Coordinate information was provided by the ACOE for some of the sampling locations, and was determined for others using detailed maps and ArcView software. Note: water content was calculated for the database using total solid values included in the laboratory reports. Total solids are not included in the database and were therefore used only to calculate moisture content.

38 = The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources deployed glass sediment traps in the Upper Mississippi River (Pools 3-4) to collect composite samples of suspended sediment between 1994 and 1998. The objectives of this study were the same as stated in data set 22, to assess the contaminant concentrations of suspended sediment, evaluate factors influencing contaminant concentrations, and assess temporal trends and compare contaminant concentrations in suspended sediments to recent contaminant investigations on the river. Samples were analyzed for volatile matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls.

39 = In 1980, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fishery Research Laboratory, conducted a study to determine the biological activity and chemical characteristics of dredge material from 10 sites on the Upper Mississippi River between St. Paul and Winona, Minnesota (Pools 2, 3, 4, 5, 5A, and 6). Composite grab samples were analyzed for volatile matter content, particle size, metals, organochlorines, polychlorinated biphenyls, and petroleum-related compounds. The toxic effects of the sediments were also assessed in static bioassays with a variety of aquatic organisms. Sample coordinates were not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed site descriptions.

40 = The Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) designed a project to characterize the conditions of selected backwater lakes in Illinois after the 1993 flood and to evaluate whether or not the flood affected the sediment deposition rate and pattern in the lakes. Sediment core or grab samples (also water samples) were collected from 5 backwater lakes (Swan, Stump, Meredosia - located on the Lower Illinois River; Qunicy Bay - located on the Mississippi River; Silver - located at the junction of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers) and analyzed for particle size, metals, and herbicides. In addition, Microtox and Ceriodaphnia acute toxicity tests were conducted on the sediment (and water) samples. All sediment and water samples were analyzed at the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency-certified ISWS chemistry laboratories. Additional or split sediment samples were also analyzed at the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) lab for the purpose of comparing results with previous ISGS studies on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. This data set pertains only to those data generated by the ISWS laboratories; see data set no. 41 for additional contaminant data generated by the ISGS. Sample coordinates were not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps and descriptions of sampling sites.

41 = The Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) designed a project to characterize the conditions of selected backwater lakes in Illinois after the 1993 flood and to evaluate whether or not the flood affected the sediment deposition rate and pattern in the lakes. Sediment core or grab samples were obtained from 5 backwater, were dated by Cs-137 decay, and analyzed for carbon (total, organic, and carbonate) and metals. All sediment samples were analyzed by the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) lab for the purpose of comparing results with previous ISGS studies on the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Each sediment sample was analyzed by four different methods (x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and photographic optical emission spectroscopy). The data from all four methods are presented in the database, to illustrate that different contaminant concentrations can result depending upon the rigor of the digestion method. Additional or split sediment samples were also analyzed at the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency-certified ISWS chemistry laboratories (refer to data set no. 40). Sample coordinates were not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps and descriptions of sampling sites.

42 = The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) routinely collects samples before dredging, and analyzes the samples for contaminants to assess possible problems associated with the dredging process and the placement of dredged material. In 1988 and 1995, the Rock Island District of the ACOE collected core samples from the Illinois River (river miles 245.2-246.9 and 270.9-271.0), and analyzed them for volatile matter, particle size, and metals. In addition, one sample was analyzed for several organic contaminants including organochlorines, fungicides, and miscellaneous industrial compounds. Sample coordinate information was not provided with this study; however, coordinates were approximated in ArcView using detailed maps and site descriptions.

43 = This study includes various sediment samples from the Upper Mississippi River (Pools 4, 7, and 10) collected by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. A total of 35 sediment grab and core samples were collected and analyzed for volatile matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, water content, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorines.

44 = The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program collected streambed sediment samples to describe the occurrence and distribution of trace elements in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. In 1995 and 1996, the USGS collected sediment grab samples from 27 different sites on the UMR and tributaries. All samples were sieved and analyzed for trace metals, organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and total carbon.

This is the quality-assurance index for analysis of all contaminants within a specific data set entered into the database. The value of the index for each data set was based on an examination of the quality-assurance documentation. The most comprehensive quality-assurance procedure is one that examined (1) the precision of analyses with replicate samples, (2) the bias (recovery of spiked samples and analysis of standard and/or internal reference materials), and (3) the detection limits for the contaminants that were quantified. The scale of the index reflects the relative completeness of quality assurance documentation, with "1" indicating the most comprehensive documentation and "5" indicating the minimally acceptable level required for inclusion of a data set into the database.

The following definitions were derived largely from Sections 1010, 1020, and 1030 in Standard Methods (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.), which can be consulted for more detailed information.

Accuracy--A combination of bias and precision of an analytical procedure, which reflects the closeness of a measured value to a true value.

Bias--A consistent deviation of measured values from the true value, caused by systematic errors in a procedure. Bias is assessed by measuring the recovery of known additions (spiked samples) and the recovery of internal standards and laboratory control standards.

Detection limits--The common term that encompasses various analytical detection limits. Some of the common detection limits (in increasing order of concentration detected) include the instrument detection limit (IDL), the lower limit of detection (LLD), the method detection limit (MDL), and the limit of quantitation (LOQ). The LLD, for example, is the contaminant concentration that produces a signal sufficiently large that 99% of the trials with that amount will produce a detectable signal. The MDL differs from the LLD in that samples containing the contaminant of interest are processed through the complete analytical method. The relation among these limits is about IDL:LLD:MDL:LOQ = 1:2:4:10. Most of the studies in this database reported one or more of the detection limits. For purposes of assigning a quality-assurance index value for a specific data set, any of these detection limits was considered acceptable.

Internal standard--A pure compound added to a sample extract just before instrumental analysis to permit correction for inefficiencies.

Laboratory control standard--A standard, usually certified by an outside agency, used to measure the bias in a procedure. Examples include the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials and the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) reference materials.

Precision--A measure of the degree of agreement among replicate analyses of a sample (e.g., standard deviation, percent difference, or percent relative standard deviation).

Replicate--A repeated operation occurring within an analytical procedure. Two or more analyses for the same constituent in an extract of a single sample constitute replicate extract analyses.

Spiked samples--Also termed the recovery of known additions, a pure compound added to a sample in the laboratory so that the overall efficiency of a method can be determined. Spiked samples are used to assess the bias and verify the absence of matrix effects.

The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

1 = The accuracy of analyses were characterized with estimates of precision (replicate samples) and bias (both spiked samples and reference materials). The detection limits were provided for all or most contaminants that were quantified.

2 = The accuracy of analyses were characterized with an estimate of precision (replicate samples) and bias (either spiked samples or reference materials). The detection limits were provided for some contaminants that were quantified.

3 = The accuracy of analyses were characterized with an estimate of precision (replicate samples) and bias (either spiked samples or reference materials). The detection limits were not available for any contaminants that were quantified.

4 = The reliability of analyses were characterized with an estimate of bias (either spiked samples or reference materials). The detection limits were not available for any contaminants that were quantified.

5 = The reliability of analyses were characterized with an estimate of precision (replicate samples).

The total number of independent sediment samples represented in the specific data set.

The date of entry of sample information into the database. In MM/DD/YYYY format; example, "April 28, 2000" is represented as "04/28/2000".

The data in this database were contributed by a number of federal, state, academic, and other institutions. These data were compiled by scientists at the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center and the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse and are maintained on a computer system at the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution of the database constitute any such warranty. The correction of errors is a continuing process, and scientists at the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center will correct or delete data, as appropriate, if errors are discovered. The file date is referred to as the most current version of the database and should be mentioned in all references to the sediment data provided herewith. These data have been provided as a unit package to ensure that the user receives a valid data set collected in a technically acceptable manner. Accordingly, these data should not be combined with data from other sources unless the user understands the procedures and purposes used to create each set of data and can verify that data from different sources are comparable.

Alphanumeric field identifying the sample ID number used in a specific data set. If more than one convention was used for a sample (e.g., the data were used for more than one publication such as a thesis and journal publication), the most descriptive sample ID number available was entered.

These are the units of measure for the database variables. The format for the unit of measure is a look-up table where valid codes are as follows.

This is the river or tributary name where the sample was obtained. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the Navigation Pool of the Mississippi River or Illinois River in which the sample was obtained. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the state in which the sample was obtained. If a sample was a composite from two states (e.g., a transect from one side of the river to the other), then both states were entered in combination for that sample. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the county in which the sample was obtained. If a sample was a composite from two counties (e.g., a transect from one side of the river to the other), then both counties were entered in combination for that sample.

Numeric field for the approximate river mile (if applicable) near where the sample was obtained, expressed as miles.

This is the common name of the site where the sample was obtained. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the approximate Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) northing coordinate (in meters) for the site where the sediment sample was obtained.

Samples that were located with available maps and site descriptions with ArcView software are tabulated below.

This is the approximate Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) easting coordinate (in meters) for the site where the sediment sample was obtained.

This is the date of collection of the sediment sample. For samples collected over time, such as sediment-trap samples, this is the date on which the sample was collected. In MM/DD/YYYY format, "August 6, 1997" is represented as "08/06/1997". For samples where only the year of collection was reported, we entered the date value as 01/01/YYYY. For samples where both the month and the year of collection were reported we entered the date value as MM/01/YYYY.

This is the sampling duration for samples collected over a time interval, such as samples from integrated samplers and sediment traps, expressed in days.

This is the type of sediment sample collected. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

9 = Composite core or composite grab sample (>1 samples from more than 1 site grouped)

This is the apparatus used for the collection of the sediment sample. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the numerical value for the upper sediment depth from a core sample, expressed in centimeters. The top of the uppermost stratum (sediment-water interface) will have a value of zero (0).

This is the numerical value for the lower sediment depth from a core sample, expressed in centimeters.

This is a brief description of the sediment digestion method used before analyses for inorganic contaminants. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the code for the type or fraction of sediment used for toxicological testing. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the test organism exposed to sediments and associated contaminants in sediment toxicity tests. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

12 = Three ridge mussel (Amblema plicata) and pocketbook mussel (Lampsilis cardium)

17 = Scud (G. pseudolimnaeus), Crayfish (Procambarus sp.), Mayfly (Hexagenia sp.), Midge (C. tentans), Snail (P. gyrina), fawnfoot mussel (T. donaciformis), fingernail clam (Sphaerium sp.), fathead minnow (P. promelas), channel catfish (I. punctatus)

19 = Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox bioassay) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Numerical field for the duration of exposure of the test organism to the sediment sample, expressed in days.

This is the biological response of an organism after exposure to the sediment sample. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

This is the biological response data qualifier. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows.

4 = Microtox EC50<100% pore water for at least one incubation time (toxicity indicated)

5 = Microtox EC50<100% pore water for all incubation times (non-toxicity indicated)

Sediment-Characteristics Variables NOTE: For sediment characteristics values less than the detection limit we entered "9999" as the value.

Numeric field for the volatile matter content of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight. Also known as volatile solids content and loss on ignition (LOI), volatile matter content is usually analyzed as a surrogate for total organic carbon and is measured gravimetrically by the loss of mass upon ignition in an oven at high temperature.

3 = Loss on ignition by ashing air-dried sediment at 1000 degrees C for 2 hours.

Numeric field for total carbon of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for organic carbon of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for carbonate carbon of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight. This variable includes carbonate, bicarbonate, and carbon dioxide in the sediment. Some refer to carbonate as
"inorganic carbon" as defined in APHA et al. (1992). In the database, we entered values for inorganic carbon in this space.

Numeric field for total nitrogen of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for acid-volatile sulfide of the sediment sample, expressed as µmol/g dry weight.

Note: all particle size data (sections 1.6.8 to 1.6.12) were entered to the nearest percent, unless the value was <10%, in which case, data were entered to the nearest tenth of a percent.

Numeric field for the gravel content (usually particles greater than 2 mm) of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for the sand content (particles from 0.062 to 2 mm) of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for the silt content (particles from 0.004 to 0.062 mm) of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for the clay content (particles <0.004mm) of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for the silt plus clay content (particles <0.062 mm) of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

Numeric field for the water content of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of whole wet sediment.

Numeric field for the size fraction of sieved sediment analyzed for inorganic contaminants, expressed in millimeters (mm).

Numeric field for the size fraction of sieved sediment analyzed for organic contaminants, expressed in millimeters (mm).

Numeric field for the approximate year of deposition for strata from sediment cores that were dated (lead-210 method, cesium-137 method, etc).

Numeric field for the lipid content of the sediment sample, expressed as a percentage of dry weight.

The individual contaminants were placed into one of two main classes: (1) inorganic contaminants and (2) organic contaminants. Within each class, contaminants were further subdivided into groups. Groups of inorganic contaminants include (a) metals, metalloids, nutrients, and others, and (b) simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs). Groups of organic contaminants were (a) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (b) organochlorine insecticides, (c) insecticides, (d) herbicides, (e) fungicides, (f) industrial and miscellaneous compounds, (g) sterols, (h) petroleum-related compounds, and (i) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To reduce redundancy, an example field description is provided for a contaminant and its associated data qualifier (DQ) for each group. Exceptions within each group are noted. The major difference in the field descriptions among groups are the units of measurement. Groups with the same units will have only one example.

Example for the Class Inorganics: (Note: replace redline text with each Inorganic contaminant)

Numeric field for ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the sediment sample, expressed as micrograms per gram dry weight.

Ammonia-nitrogen data qualifier code. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows:

2 = Analyzed for, but not detected, and the detection limit was not reported. We entered "9999999" as the concentration value for the contaminant when this DQ was applicable.

4 = Analyzed for, but not detected above the method detection limit (MDL). The value reported is the MDL for the contaminant.

5 = Value reported is less than the method quantitation limit (but greater than MDL). The measured concentration is reported.

7 = Value reported indicates that the constituent was not detected. One-half the detection limit is presented.

Exceptions for the Class Inorganics: (Note: both exceptions have the same data qualifier codes, as the other Inorganics)

Numeric field for un-ionized ammonia-nitrogen concentration in sediment pore water for the sample, expressed in micrograms per liter.

Numeric field for total ammonia-nitrogen concentration in sediment pore water for the sample, expressed in milligrams per liter.

Example for the group SIMULTANEOUSLY EXTRACTED METALS (SEM): (Note: replace redline text with each SEM contaminant)

Numeric field for cadmium simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) concentration in the sediment sample, expressed as micromol per gram dry weight.

Cadmium simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) data qualifier code. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows:

2 = Analyzed for, but not detected, and the detection limit was not reported. We entered "9999999" as the concentration value for the contaminant when the DQ was applicable.

4 = Analyzed for, but not detected above the method detection limit (MDL). The value reported is the MDL for the contaminant.

5 = Value reported is less than the method quantitation limit (but greater than MDL). The measured concentration is reported.

7 = Value reported indicates that the constituent was not detected. One-half the detection limit is presented.

Example for the groups POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs), STEROLS, and PETROLEUM-RELATED COMPOUNDS: (Note: replace redline text with each contaminant)

ACENAPHTHENE

Numeric field for acenaphthene concentration in the sediment sample, expressed in micrograms per gram dry weight.

Acenaphthene data qualifier code. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows:

2 = Analyzed for, but not detected, and the detection limit was not reported. We entered "9999999" as the concentration value for the contaminant when the DQ was applicable.

4 = Analyzed for, but not detected above the method detection limit (MDL). The value reported is the MDL for the contaminant.

5 = Value reported is less than the method quantitation limit (but greater than MDL). The measured concentration is reported.

7 = Value reported indicates that the constituent was not detected. One-half the detection limit is presented.

Example for all of the remaining groups (ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES, INSECTICIDES, HERBICIDES, FUNGICIDES, MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL COMPOUNDS, and POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS): (Note: replace redline text with each contaminant)

Numeric field for aldrin concentration in the sediment sample, expressed in nanograms per gram dry weight.

Aldrin data qualifier code. The format for the variable is a look-up table where the valid codes are as follows:

2 = Analyzed for, but not detected, and the detection limit was not reported. We entered "9999999" as the concentration value for the contaminant when the DQ was applicable.

4 = Analyzed for, but not detected above the method detection limit (MDL). The value reported is the MDL for the contaminant.

5 = Value reported is less than the method quantitation limit (but greater than MDL). The measured concentration is reported.

7 = Value reported indicates that the constituent was not detected. One-half the detection limit is presented.

For the variable TOTAL PCBs, within the POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL group note:

Numeric field for the number of individual PCB congeners that were analyzed for in the data set.

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U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/data_library/sediments_contaminants/file-format-description_definitions.html
Page Contact Information: Contacting the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
Page Last Modified: January 29, 2016

QA index	Quality-assurance documentation
QA index	Spiked samples	Internal standard or laboratory control standards	Detection limits	Precision
1	X	X	X	X
2	X		X	X
2		X	X	X
3	X			X
3		X		X
4	X
4		X
5				X

Date set number	Database sample numbers
3	1-13
5	1-12, 30-49, 66-68
8	1-37, 39-57, 59-70
11	1-45, 80-313
16	1-7, 9-167, 174-182
21	1-200
24	2-40
29	1-15
30	1-30
34	1-194
36	542 of 602 total samples
37	1-4, 9-20, 24-25
39	1-10
40	1-39
41	1-169
42	1-13