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Jude, D. J., R. H. Reider and G. R. Smith (1991). First evidence of Gobiidae in the Great Lakes basin. Page 124 in The 34th Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research, Buffalo, New York (USA), International Association for Great Lakes Research.

A tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus, a European endangered species native to the Black and Caspian Seas, was recovered on 11 April 1990 from the travelling screens of the Belle River Power Plant located on the St. Clair River, south of St. Clair, Michigan. Subsequently on 28 June, 18 July, and 23 September, a Canadian and two American anglers each caught a round goby Neogobius melanostomus in the St. Clair River near Sarnia, Ontario. Three tubenose gobies and four round gobies were impinged on the Belle River Power Plant screens in fall 1990, and 17 round gobies and 27 tubenose gobies were trawled from an area near the Belle River Power Plant intake structure on 30 November, and 12 and 17 December 1990. These species are believed to have been transported to the Great Lakes in ballast water. They are expected to directly impact other benthic fishes, such as sculpins Cottus spp., darters Etheostoma spp., and logperch Percina caprodes, and in turn act as prey for walleye Stizostedion vitreum.

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