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Benke, A. C., C. A. S. Hall, C. P. Hawkins, R. H. Lowe-McConnell, J. A. Standford, K. Suberkropp and J. V. Ward (1988). Bioenergetic considerations in the analysis of stream ecosystems. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 7:480-502.

Most bioenergetics studies to date have been descriptive, and there is a major need to study those abiotic and biotic factors which control bioenergetics in streams across biomes and latitudes. The importance of floodplains and the role of dissolved organic matter have not been adequately incorporated into our understanding of stream bioenergetics. We need to determine if some generally applicable organismal-environmental relationships can be used to predict energetic characteristics across streams. Major new initiatives are required to answer some of the larger scale questions. Several approaches are possible: (1) synoptic analysis of multiple streams to compare within-region variance with between-region variance, (2) experimental manipulation of entire streams or their catchments to test factors that control bioenergetics, (3) the use of batteries of experimental streams to help isolate cause-effect relationships, and (4) the further development of computer models that incorporate abiotic forcings and bioenergetics. (DBO)

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