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Anonymous (1978). A review and resolution of fish passage problems at culvert sites in British Columbia (2nd edition). Fisheries and Marine Service, Technical Report of the Fisheries and Marine Service 810.

The success or failure of a fish in migrating through a culvert depends upon the swimming ability of the fish and the hydraulic conditions present. In culverts stream flow velocities are maximized and usually constant throughout most of the culvert length as opposed to the variety of conditions in a natural stream channel. From documentation of swimming ability of salmon (Oncorhynchus ) it is possible to determine hydraulic criteria that must be satisfied to ensure free fish passage, especially throughout the spawning migration period. Since detailed stream flow records for small streams in British Columbia have not been taken, a general system must be used. Some recommendations for culvert design are given.

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