Seelye, J. G., Marking, L. L., King, E. L. Jr., Hanson, L. H.,, and Bills, T. D.,
1987, Toxicity of TFM lampricide to early life stages of walleye: North American
Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 598-601.

Abstract: 

The authors studied the effects of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol
(TFM) on gametes, newly  fertilized eggs, eyed eggs, larvae, and swim-up fry of
the walleye Stizostedion vitreum . When gametes from  sexually mature walleyes
were stripped into solutions of TFM, no effects were observed during the
fertilization  process at concentrations up to 3.0 mg/L - three times the
concentration lethal to 99.9% of larval sea lampreys  Petromyzon marinus  held
12 h (LC99.9) under the same test conditions. Newly fertilized eggs likewise were 
unaffected during water hardening by concentrations of TFM that were lethal to
sea lamprey ammocoetes. Eyed  eggs, sac fry, and swim-up fry yielded LC25
values that were 2.5 to 5 times greater than the 12-h LC99.9 for sea  lamprey
ammocoetes. The data thus indicated that all of the early life stages of walleyes
tested were considerably  more resistant than sea lamprey ammocoetes to TFM,
and that it is unlikely they would be adversely affected by  standard stream
treatments to kill sea lamprey ammocoetes.

Keywords: 

TFM, toxicity, eggs, larvae, pesticides, fry, Stizostedion-vitreum, fish-eggs,
fish-larvae, lampricides