Wiener, J. G., 1983, Comparative analyses of fish populations in naturally acidic
and circumneutral lakes in northern Wisconsin: Washington, D.C., U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 122 p.

Abstract:

Fish populations in six naturally acidic (autumnal pH 5.1-6.0) and six
circumneutral (autumnal pH 6.7-7.5) clear-water lakes in north central Wisconsin
were studied, and characteristics of fish populations and communities in the lakes
were compared. The two groups of lakes were morphologically similar and of the
same hydrologic types, but differed substantially in pH, alkalinity, waterborne
calcium, and related chemical characteristics. Fish communities in the acidic lakes
contained fewer species, and common as well as rare species occurred with lower
frequency in the acidic lakes than in the circumneutral lakes.

Keywords:

Acidity, precipitation (meteorology), fishes, lakes, pollution, clarification, fresh
water fishes, mathematical models, pH, alkalinity, stresses, minnows,
invertebrates, growth, mercury (metal), calcium, abundance, density (mass,
volume), Wisconsin, air pollution effects (animals), heavy metals