Hubert, T. D., Bernardy, J. A., Vue, C., Dawson, V. K., Boogaard, M. A.,
Schreier, T. M., and Gingerich, W. H., 2005, Residues of the lampricides
3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol and niclosamide in muscle tissue of rainbow
trout: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 53, no. 13, p. 5342-5346.

Abstract

Rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) were exposed to the C-14-labeled
lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) (2.1 mg/L) or niclosamide
(0.055 mg/L) in an aerated static water bath for 24 h. Fish were sacrificed
immediately after exposure. Subsamples of skin-on muscle tissue were analyzed
for residues of the lampricides. The primary residues in muscle tissue from fish
exposed to TFM were parent TFM (1.08 +/- 0.82 nmol/g) and TFM-glucuronide
(0.44 +/- 0.24 nmol/g). Muscle tissue from fish exposed to niclosamide contained
niclosamide (1.42 +/- 0.51 nmol/g), niclosamide-glucuronicle (0.0644 +/- 0.0276
nmol/g), and a metabolite not previously reported, niclosamide sulfate ester (1.12
+/- 0.33 nmol/g).

Keywords

TFM, TFM-Glucuronide, Niclosamide, Niclosamide-Glucuronide,
Niclosamide-Sulfate, Iampricide Residues, Rainbow Trout, Muscle, Catfish
Ictalurus-Punctatus, In-Vivo Metabolism, Oncorhynchus-Mykiss, Routine
Treatment, Salmo-Gairdneri, Rapid Loss, Fish, Disposition, Pentachlorophenol,
Identification